Authors

Alex Thompson

Document Type

Honors Project

Degree Award Date

Spring 2024

Keywords

ethnocentric, ideology, 38th parallel, Korea, United Nations, United States, China

Disciplines

Asian History | Diplomatic History | United States History

Abstract

This paper focuses on the Korean War and the complexities and motivations that shaped the conflict. Initially framed as a defensive effort by the United Nations and the United States to repel North Korean aggression and restore peace, the situation quickly evolved. Military successes led to ambitions of Korean unification, pushing UN forces beyond their initial defensive mandate. Key to this escalation was the US's ethnocentric ideology, underestimating China's military capabilities and dismissing warnings of Chinese intervention. Communication failures within the US government, such as omitting crucial intelligence about Chinese intentions, further fueled escalation. The consequences were devastating, with the war's legacy continuing to influence East Asian geopolitics today. The analysis contrasts US and Chinese historiographies, highlighting how the Korean War remains a pivotal but often overlooked conflict in American memory compared to its significant place in Chinese historical narratives. Overall, the study offers a nuanced understanding of how political motivations, ideological biases, strategic miscalculations, and communication breakdowns intensified and prolonged a conflict initially aimed to restore peace but shaped regional dynamics for decades.

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